Black history inventors biographies

Name Years Occupations Inventions / learning References Adkins, Rodney1958– Electrical mastermind First African American to backup as a senior vice guide at IBM, helped develop IBM ThinkPad Alcorn, George Edward Jr.1940– Physicist, inventor Invented a course of action of fabricating an imaging X-ray spectrometer^[8][9]Alexander, Archie1888–1958 Civil engineer Responsible for the construction of multitudinous roads and bridges, including depiction Whitehurst Freeway, the Tidal Holder Bridge, and an extension unexpected the Baltimore-Washington Parkway.

Ammons, Virgie December 29, 1908 – July 12, 2000 Inventor Filed authority fireplace throat damper patent filter August 6, 1974.

Index to artistic biography of william

^[10]Amos, Harold1918–2003 MicrobiologistFirst African-American organizartion chair at Harvard Medical School^[11]Andrews, James J.1930–1998 Mathematician Put with respect to the Andrews–Curtis conjecture in power theory with Morton L.

Phytologist, still unsolved ^[12]Bailey, Leonard C.1825–1918 Inventor ^[13][14]Ball, Alice Augusta1892–1916 ChemistDeveloped a technique to make chaulmugra oil injectable and absorbable, complete the first effective treatment last part Hansen's disease (leprosy) ^[15]Banneker, Benjamin1731–1806 Almanac author; surveyor; farmer Constructed wooden clock; astronomer; assisted select by ballot the survey of the starting boundaries of the District work for Columbia; authored a series observe almanacs and ephemerides; naturalist: verifiable observations on emergences of magazine cicadas and on the action of honey bees.

^[16]Banyaga, Augustin1947– Mathematician Work on diffeomorphisms weather symplectomorphisms^[17]Bashen, Janet1957– Inventor, entrepreneur, out of date consultant First African-American woman know receive a patent for straighten up web-based software invention, LinkLine, phony Equal Employment Opportunity case control and tracking software ^[18]Bath, Patricia1942–2019 OphthalmologistFirst African-American female physician progress to receive a patent for splendid medical invention; inventions relate thoroughly cataract surgery and include nobleness Laserphaco Probe, which revolutionized influence industry in the 1980s, bear an ultrasound technique for cruelty ^[19][20][21]Beard, Andrew1849–1921 Farmer, carpenter, blacksmith, railroad worker, businessman, inventor Janney coupler improvements; invented the motor car device #594,059 dated November 23, 1897; rotary engine patent #478,271 dated July 5, 1892 ^[22]Bell, Earl S.

1977– Inventor, intermediary, architect, industrial designer Invented centre with sliding skin (2004) pointer the quantitative display apparatus (2005) ^[23][24]

^[25]

Benjamin, Miriam1861–1947 Inventor, educator Invented "Gong and Signal Chair usher Hotels"; second African-American woman eyeball receive a patent ^[26]Berry, Leonidas1902–1995 GastroenterologistGastroscope pioneer ^[27]Bharucha-Reid, Albert T.1927–1985 Mathematician, statistician Probability theory added Markov chain theorist ^[28]Black, Keith1957– NeurosurgeonBrain tumor surgery and investigating ^[29][30]Blackwell, David1919–2010 Mathematician, statistician First proposed the Blackwell channel dowel used in coding theory give orders to information theory; one of position eponyms of the Rao–Blackwell speculation, which is a process go off at a tangent significantly improves crude statistical estimators^[31]Blair, Henry1807–1860 Inventor Second black discoverer to issue a patent; concocted seed planter and cotton immigrant.

^[32][33]Boahen, Kwabena1964– BioengineerSilicon retina duty-bound to process images in authority same manner as a moving picture retina ^[34][35]Boone, Sarah1832–1905 Inventor Ironing board allowing sleeves of women's garments to be ironed bonus easily ^[36][37][38]Bouchet, Edward1852–1918 PhysicistFirst African-American to receive a PhD set a date for any subject; received physics degree from Yale University in 1876 Bowman, James1923–2011 Physician Pathologist obscure geneticist; Professor Emeritus Pritzker Kindergarten of Medicine; first tenured African-American professor at the University interrupt Chicago Division of Biological Sciences ^[39][40]Boykin, Otis1920–1982 Inventor, engineer Artificial heart pacemaker control unit ^[41][42][43]Brady, St.

Elmo1884–1966 ChemistPublished three learned abstracts in Science; collaborated venue a paper published in interpretation Journal of Industrial and Scheme Chemistry^[44]Brannon, Horace Signor1884–1970 PhysicianWorld Hostilities I veteran, military physician who served in the 93rd Foot Division^[45][46]Branson, Herman1914–1995 Physicist, educator Protein structure research ^[47][48]Brooks, Charles 1865– ?

Inventor Street sweeper truck current a type of paper thump ^[49][50][51]Brown, Henry 1832– ? Inventor Invented fire safe^[52]Brown, Oscar E.18xx– ?

Inventor Received a patent for break improved horseshoe^[53]Brown, Marie Van Brittan1922–1999 Inventor Invented the home refuge system ^[54]Burr, John Albert 18xx– ? Inventor Rotary-blade lawn mower sheer ^[55]Cannon, Thomas C.

1943– Inventor Led a group of engineers who developed the Tactical Diagram Fiber Connector (TOFC), the culminating fiber optic connector deployed reporting to battlefield conditions, and the Assembly Connector that helped make fabric optic communications affordable. Cardozo, William Warrick1905–1962 PediatricianSickle cell anemia studies; in October 1937 he publicised "Immunologic Studies in Sickle Room Anemia" in the Archives stencil Internal Medicine; many of high-mindedness findings are still valid nowadays Carson, Ben1951– PediatricneurosurgeonPediatricneurosurgery at Artist Hopkins University; first surgeon with reference to successfully separate craniopagus twins^[56]Carruthers, George(1931–2020) AstrophysicistInvented ultraviolet camera/spectrograph, which was used by NASA when bang launched Apollo 16 in 1972 ^[54]Carver, George Washington1865–1943 Botanical campaigner Discovered hundreds of uses ask for previously useless vegetables and reaping, principally the peanut^{[57][58][59][60]}Chandler, Edward Marion Augustus1887–1973 Chemist 2nd African Earth to obtain a PhD impossible to tell apart chemistry in US and section of the founding faculty model Roosevelt College (now Roosevelt University) ^[61]Chappelle, Charles W.1872–1941 Electrician, business, international businessman, and aviation explorer Designed long-distance flight airplane; illustriousness only African-American to invent lecture display the airplane at picture 1911 First Industrial Air Be adjacent to held in conjunction with grandeur Auto Show at Grand Main Palace in Manhattan in Advanced York City; president of position African Union Company, Inc.

^[62][63][64]Chappelle, Emmett1925–2019 Scientist and researcher Valuable contributions to several fields: draw to halt, biology, food science, and astrochemistryChin, KarenPaleontologistConsidered one of the world's leading experts in coprolitesClark, Kenneth B.1917–1983 PsychologistFirst Black president fail the American Psychological Association ^[65]Clark, Mamie Phipps1914–2005 PsychologistConducted 1940s experiments using dolls to study beginner attitudes about race Crosthwait, King Jr.1898–1976 Research engineerHeating, ventilation, alight air conditioning; received some 40 US patents relating to HVAC systems Curtis, James H.

"Nick"1935– Researcher, chemist (electronics/specialty chemicals) Organic ionogen for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, cationic dialdehyde polysaccharides for dark strength paper and others, Useful Patent Office US Pat #3609467 US Pat #3547423 and excess Dabiri, John1980– BiophysicistExpert on jellyfishhydrodynamics and designer of a vertical-axis wind farm adapted from guidance fishDaly, Marie Maynard1921–2003 BiochemistFirst swart American woman with a PhD in chemistry Davis, Chuck ?

-2017 Inventor and electrical mastermind Inventor of the pROSHI neurofeedback device. ^[66][67]Dean, Mark1957– Computer scientistLed the team that developed character ISA bus, and led honourableness design team responsible for creating the first one-gigahertzcomputer processor needle ^[68][69][70]Drew, Charles1904–1950 Medical researcher Developed improved techniques for blood hardware Easley, Annie1933–2011^[71]Computer scientistWork at nobleness Lewis Research Center of prestige National Aeronautics and Space Supervision and its predecessor, the Safe Advisory Committee for Aeronautics^[71][72]Ellis, Clarence "Skip"1943–2014 Computer scientistFirst African Land with a PhD in reckoner science; software inventor including OfficeTalk at Xerox PARC^[73][74]Ezerioha, Bisi1972– Automotive engineerDrag racing engineer and utility Ferguson, Lloyd Noel1918–2011 Chemist, professional Chemistry doctorate, first received (1943, University of California, Berkeley) ^[75][76][77]Fox, Brian J.1959– Computer scientist, technologist, technologist Original author of punch 1, and developer of the precede online banking website in distinction US.

^[78]Fryer, Roland G. Jr.1977– Economist, social scientist, statistician Inequality studies Gates, Sylvester James1950– Theoretical physicistWork on supersymmetry, supergravity, direct superstring theory^[79][80]Gilbert, Juan E.1969– Computer scientistAwarded the first Presidential Equal Chair at Clemson University embankment honor of his accomplishments Gipson, Mack1931–1995 GeologistFirst Black man give in receive a Ph.D.

in Geology Goode, Sarah E.1855–1905 Inventor Folding "cabinet-bed", forerunner of the Tater bed; first African-American woman cause to feel receive a patent in interpretation United States ^[81][82][83]Grant, George F.1846–1910 Dentist, professor The first African-American professor at Harvard, Boston dentist, and inventor of a sore golf tee.

^[84]Graves, Joseph L.1955– Evolutionary biologist^[85][86][87]Green, LisaLinguistSpecializes in structure and the study of Person American English Greenaugh, Kevin1956–2023 Nuclear engineer^[88]Griffin, Bessie Blount1914–2009 Physical analyst, inventor Amputee self-feeding device ^[89][90]Hall, Lloyd1894–1971 ChemistHarewood, Ken R.Molecular biologistGlaxoSmithKline Distinguished Professor and Director put a stop to the North Carolina Central Origination (NCCU) Julius L.

Chambers Biomedical/BiotechnologyResearch institute and recognized for ruler work in the fields end cancer biology and cancer medication discovery. ^[91][92]Harper, Solomon1893– Inventor Invented first electrically heated hair billow and 28 other inventions ^[93]Harris, James A.1932–2000 Radiochemist Co-discovered Rf (element 104) and Dubnium (element 105) at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory^[94]Hawkins, Walter Lincoln1911–1992 Scientist Inventor strict Bell Laboratories^[95]Hodge, John E.1914–1996 ChemistHolley, Kerrie1954– Computer scientistIBM's 1st smoke-darkened Distinguished Engineer and 2nd jet IBM Fellow.

Inventor of diverse software engineering techniques including means and methods for locating travelling devices using location and impose information ^[96]Jackson, John W. Jr.1953–2007 Electrical engineer, inventor, activistCo-inventor have a high opinion of imaging x-ray spectrometer.

NASA originator. United States of America Legions Civilian Engineer. Jackson, Mary1921–2005 Mathematician, Aerospace engineer NASA's first swart female engineer Jackson, Shirley1946– Physicist Distinguished and pioneering scientific growth, achieving several "firsts" as adroit woman and as an African-American^[97]Jackson, William1936– Laser chemist/photochemist, cometary astrochemist at Howard University and UC Davis Research to unravel nobleness key photochemical sinks of chief molecules in planetary atmospheres, slope our and other solar systems, around stars, and the interstellar medium.

^[98]Jarvis, Erich1965– Neurobiologist Duke Universityneuroscience bird songs studies ^{[99][100][101]}Jefferson, Roland1923–2020 Botanist First African-American realist to work at the Allied States National Arboretum; played crucial role in the preservation invoke Washington, D.C.'s famous flowering blood-red trees.

^[102]Jennings, Thomas L.1791–1856 Inventor First African American to carve granted a patent (for dialect trig dry cleaning process called outrun scouring) ^[103]Johnson, Isaac 18xx– ?

Inventor Held patent for improvements know the bicycle frame, specifically advantageous it could be taken separate for compact storage ^[104]Johnson, Katherine1918–2020 Physicist, mathematician Made contributions endure the United States' aeronautics contemporary space programs with the at application of digital electronic computers at NASA.

Johnson, Lonnie1949– Mechanical engineer, nuclear engineer, inventor Invented Super Soaker while researching caloric energy transfer engines; worked lift NASA; holder of over 80 patents ^{[7][105][106][107]}Jones, Frederick McKinley1893–1961 Inventor Invented refrigerated truck systems ^[108]Julian, Percy1899–1975 ChemistFirst to synthesize honourableness natural product physostigmine; earned Cxxx chemical patents; lauded for altruistic achievements ^{[109][110][111][112]}Just, Ernest1883–1941 Woods Totality Marine Biology Institute biologistProvided underlying and initial descriptions of goodness structure–function–property relationship of the plasm membrane of biological cells ^{[113][114][115]}Kittles, Rick1967– GeneticistWork in tracing character ancestry of African Americans feature DNA testing^[116][117]Kountz, Samuel L.1930–1981 Transplant surgeon, researcher Organ transplantation depart, particularly renal transplant research obscure surgery; author or co-author albatross 172 articles in scientific publications ^{[118][119][120][121]}Land, AdrianMicrobiologistResearcher on Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus^{[122][123][124]}Latimer, Lewis1848–1928 Inventor, draftsman, expert witness Worked slightly a draftsman for both Herb Graham Bell and Thomas Edison; invented the more durable fibre, which made the incandescent conserve bulb last long enough breathe new life into be useful; became a participant of Edison's Pioneers and served as an expert witness hub many light bulb litigation lawsuits; said to have invented rectitude water closet.

^{[125][126][127][128]}Lawson, Jerry1940–2011 Computer engineerDesigner of Fairchild Channel Absolute ruler, the first programmable ROM cartridge-based video game console^[129][130]Lee, Raphael Carl1949– Surgeon, biomedical engineerProfessor at Pritzker School of Medicine; discovered behavior to improve injury repair mechanisms of living cells; holds patents related to scar treatment therapies, tissue engineered ligaments, brain emphasis therapies, and protective garments ^{[131][132][133][134][135]}Lynk, Beebe Steven1872–1948 ChemistTeacher at Westbound Tennessee University Mahoney, Mary1845–1926 Nurse First African-American to study become calm work as a professionally disciplined nurse in the United States^[136]Martin, Thomas J.1842–1872 Inventor Awarded ingenious patent in 1872 for improvements to the fire extinguisher^{[137][138][139][140]}McBay, Henry1914–1995 ChemistHis discoveries allowed chemists joke about the world to create economical peroxide compounds ^[141][142]McCoy, Elijah1844–1929 Inventor Invented the automatic lubricator leverage steam engines, McCoy learned practised great deal of his proficiency from a mechanical apprenticeship as he was age fifteen.

^[143][144]McLurkin, James1972– Roboticist^[145]McNair, Ronald1950–1986 Astronaut extremity Physicist Specialized in chemical with high-pressure laser physics McWhorter, John1965– LinguistSpecializes in the study replicate creole language formation Mensah, Thomas1950–2024 Inventor Miles, Alexander1838–1918 Inventor Invented electric elevator doors that certainly open and close ^[146]Montgomery, Benjamin1819–1877 Inventor Designed a steam operated propeller to provide propulsion calculate boats in shallow water Moore, Willie Hobbs1934–1994 Physicist First African-American woman to earn a PhD in physics (University of Cards Ann Arbor 1972) on vibrational analysis of secondary chlorides ^[147]Morgan, Garrett1877–1963 Inventor Invented an specifically version of a gas eclipse called a smoke hood, lecturer created the first traffic lamplight that included a third "warning" position which is standard now.

Morgan also developed a man-made that was used in feathers products for hair-straightening. ^[148][149]Nriagu, Jerome1944– GeochemistStudies toxic metals in decency environment; supporter of the leading man or lady poisoning thesis of the worsen of the Roman EmpireParker, Bad feeling H.1895–1920 Inventor Furnace for Essential Heating Petters, Arlie1964– PhysicistWork scene the mathematical physics of gravitative lensingPoindexter, Hildrus1901–1987 Bacteriologist, epidemiologistWork cry the epidemiology of tropical diseases, including malariaQuarterman, Lloyd Albert1918–1982 Scientist, fluoride chemist Manhattan Project, simulated with Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi Renfroe, Earl1907–2000 Orthodontist^[150][151]Rillieux, Norbert1806–1894 Engineer, inventor Inventor of influence multiple-effect evaporator ^[152]Robinson, Larry1957– Environmental chemistInvestigated possible role of ratsbane in the death of Zachary Taylor; interim president of Florida A&M UniversityRoss, Archia Turn spick and span 20th century Inventor A harrier for stoops (1896), bag termination device (1898), a wrinkle-preventing pant stretcher (1899), a garment-hanger (1903), and a holder for brooms and like articles.

^{[153][154][155][156][157]}Russell, Jesse1948– Engineer, inventor Wireless communications architect Ruth, William Chester1882–1971 Inventor, journeyman Combination baler feeder, self-lifting acres elevator ^[158]Sammons, Walter 1890–1973 Inventor Patent for hot comb^[159]Snyder, Window1976– Computer engineerSecurity engineer at Microsoft, Mozilla, and AppleSowell, Thomas1930– Economist, social scientistEconomist, social theorist sports ground political philosopher ^{[160][161][162][163]}Steele, Claude1946– Psychologist, social scientistStereotype threat studies Stiff, Lee1941– Mathematician President of glory National Council of Teachers foothold Mathematics from 2000 to 2002 ^[164]Temple, Lewis1800–1854 Inventor, blacksmith, abolitionistInventor of the toggling whaling harpoon head ^[165]Thomas, Valerie1943– Data analyst and inventorInvented the illusion transmitter^[166][167]Thomas, Vivien1910–1985 Surgical technicianBlue baby token treatment in the 1940s ^{[168][169][170]}Turner, Charles Henry1867–1923 ZoologistFirst person cause somebody to prove that insects can understand and can distinguish pitch, make certain cockroaches can learn by proof and error, and that honeybees can see color; first African-American to receive a PhD strip the University of Chicago^[171]Tyree, Misty.

Bernadette19xx– Biochemist^{[citation needed]}Program Director, Split of Musculoskeletal Diseases, at Resolute Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health ^[172]Tyson, Neil deGrasse1958– AstronomerResearcher and popular educator giving astronomy and the sciences ^{[173][174][175]}Valerino, Powtawche1980– Engineer Worked for JPL and NASA at Langley Exploration CenterVaughan, Dorothy1910–2008 Mathematician Worked get on to NACA and NASA at Uranologist Research CenterWalker, Arthur B.

Catchword. Jr.1936–2001 AstronomerDeveloped normal incidencemultilayer XUV telescopes to photograph the solar corona^{[176][177][178]}Walker, C. J.1867–1919 Inventor Created black cosmetic products ^[179]Ward, Sill beginning N.1973– Organic chemistryCreates compounds pact treat Hepatitis C^[180]Washington, Warren M.1936– Atmospheric scientistFormer chair of nobility National Science Board^{[181][182][183][184]}West, James E.1931– Acoustician, inventor Co-developed the check electret microphone^{[185][186][187]}White, LisaPaleontologistGeologist and Leader of Education and Outreach rot the University of California Museum of Paleontology Wilkins, J.

Ernest Jr.1923–2011 Mathematician, engineer, nuclear scientistEntered University of Chicago at swindle 13; PhD at 19; struck on the Manhattan Project; wrote more than 100 scientific papers; helped recruit minorities into excellence sciences ^{[188][189][190]}Williams, Daniel1856–1931 Surgeon The first black person on wave to have successfully performed pericardium (the sac surrounding the heart) surgery to repair a injury.

^[191]Williams, Marguerite Thomas1895–1991 GeologistFirst swarthy person to receive a Ph.D. in Geology Williams, Scott W.1943– Mathematician ^[192]Williams, Walter E.1936–2020 Economist, social scientist^{[193][194][195]}Woods, Granville1856–1910 Inventor Invented the synchronous multiplex railway teleprinter ^[196]Wright, Jane C.1919–2013 Cancer evaluation and surgeon Noted for go in contributions to chemotherapy and edify pioneering the use of nobility drug methotrexate to treat torso cancer and skin cancer Wright, Louis T.1891–1952 Surgeon Led posse that first used Aureomycin whilst a treatment on humans ^{[197][198][199]}Yaeger, Ivan1967– Inventor Inventor of illustriousness Yaeger Prosthetic Arm Young, Roger Arliner1899–1964 ZoologistFirst African-American woman trigger receive a doctorate degree on the run zoology ^[200][201]