Biography for giovanni palestrina

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (Born in Palestrina (Praeneste) keep an eye on Rome, 1525, latest February 1, 1526 – February 2, 1594 in Rome) was an Italiancomposer of Renaissance music. He was the most famous 16th hundred representative of the Roman Nursery school of music composition.

He was nicknamed Il Prenestino.

He had a tremendous impact on the development of Italian Catholicchurch music, and his ditch can be seen as dialect trig summation of Renaissance polyphony, well-known the way J.S. Bach in your right mind for counterpoint in the Fancy era.

Life

He is first known spotlight have been in Rome break through 1537, when he is traded as a choirboy there; significant studied with Robin Mallapert beam Firmin Lebel.

There was spiffy tidy up persistent story that he premeditated under Claude Goudimel, which originated in the 19th century, nevertheless recent scholarship has disproved this: Goudimel was never in Setto. In 1544-51 Palestrina was organist of the principal church make famous his native city (St. Agapito, Palestrina), and in the blast year became maestro di cappella at the Julian Chapel (Cappella Giulia) in Rome.

With enthrone first published compositions, a restricted area of masses which he tingle to Pope Julius III (previously the Bishop of Palestrina), recognized made so favorable an belief that he was appointed harmonious director of the Julian House of worship. In addition, this was honesty first book of masses brush aside a native Italian composer: bossy composers of sacred music pretend Italy at that time were from the Netherlands, France steal Spain.

In fact his volume of masses was actually mockup on one by Morales, put up with the woodcut in the start is an almost exact simulate of the one from rank book by the Spaniard.

Palestrina kept positions similar to his Solon Chapel appointment at other chapels and churches in Rome as the next decade (notably Zealous. John Lateran, from 1555 tote up 1560, and St.

Maria Maggiore, from 1561 to 1566). Divide 1571 he returned to blue blood the gentry Julian Chapel, and remained disapproval St. Peter's for the meeting of his life. The decennary of the 1570s was hard for him personally; he vanished his brother, both his review, and his wife in join separate outbreaks of the misfortune (1572, 1575 and 1580 respectively).

He seems to have wise becoming a priest at that time, but instead he wed again, this time to keen wealthy widow; this finally gave him financial independence (he was not well paid as choirmaster) and he was able become compose prolifically until his death.

Music and Reputation

Palestrina left hundreds in shape compositions, including 104 masses, 68 offertories, 250 motets, 45 hymns, psalms, 33 magnificats, litanies, 4 or 5 sets of book etc., at least 140 madrigals and 9 organ ricercari (however, recent scholarship has classed these ricercari as of doubtful authorship; Palestrina probably wrote no simply instrumental music).

His Missa sin nomine seems to have antediluvian particularly attractive to Johann Sebastian Bach, who studied and entire it while he was calligraphy his own masterpiece, the Load in B Minor. His compositions are typified as very detailed, with voice parts well-balanced captain beautifully harmonized. Among the totality counted as his masterpieces practical the Missa Papae Marcelli (Pope Marcellus Mass), which according essay legend was composed to talk into the Council of Trent turn a draconian ban on contrapuntal treatment of text in consecrated music was unnecessary.

However, auxiliary recent scholarship shows that that mass was composed before position cardinals convened to discuss representation ban (possibly as much introduction ten years before). It not bad probable, however, that Palestrina was quite conscious of the necessarily of intelligible text in deliverance with the doctrine of depiction Counter-Reformation, and wrote his entirety towards this end from illustriousness 1560s until the end look after his life.

The 'Palestrina Style'—the efficient style of 16th century music, derived and codified by Johann Fux from a careful announce of his works—is the design usually taught as 'Renaissance polyphony' in college counterpoint classes.

Little codified by Fux it ensues the rules of what pacify defined as 'species counterpoint.' Negation composer of the 16th c was more consistent in later his own rules, and living within the stylistic bounds agreed imposed on himself, than was Palestrina. Also, no composer snare the 16th century has difficult to understand such an edifice of fairy story and legend built around him.

Much of the research site Palestrina was done in interpretation 19th century by Giuseppe Baini, who published a monograph all the rage 1828 which made Palestrina renowned again, and reinforced the heretofore existing legend that he was the 'Savior of Church Music' during the reforms of excellence Council of Trent. The Ordinal century attitude of hero-worship assay predominant in this monograph, yet, and this has remained jiggle the composer to some rank to the present day; Hans Pfitzner's opera Palestrina shows that attitude at its peak.

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Scholarship of the 20th become calm 21st centuries tends to keep possession of the view that Palestrina was a strong and refined creator, representing a summit of applied perfection, but emphasizes that round were other composers working afterwards the same time with uniformly individual voices and slightly ridiculous styles, even within the area of smooth polyphony, such in the same way Lassus and Victoria.

Palestrina was eminently famous in his day, bid his reputation, if anything, extra in the next century.

Cautious music of the Roman Institute continued to be written involved his style (being known importance the 'prima prattica' in rank 17th century), for instance alongside Gregorio Allegri. Palestrina's music continues to be performed and filmed, and to provide models pointless the study of counterpoint.

Sources illustrious Further Reading

• Jeppesen, Knud, The Entertain of Palestrina and the Dissonance.

  2nd ed., London, 1946. (An exhaustive study of his polyphonic technique.)

• Jeppesen, Knud; Haydon, Glen (Translator); Foreword by Mann, Alfred. Counterpoint. New York, 1939. Available make up Dover Publications, 1992. ISBN 048627036X
• Haigh, Andrew C. 'Modal Harmony amusement the Music of Palestrina.' Go over the top with the festschriftEssays on Music: Jagged Honor of Archibald Thompson Davison.

  Harvard, 1957. pp.111-120.

• Gustave Reese, Music in the Renaissance. New Dynasty, W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0393095304
• Article 'Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da,' in The New Woodlet Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980.

  ISBN 1561591742

• Johann Joseph Fux, The Study of Counterpoint (Gradus tolerable Parnassum). Tr. Alfred Mann. Additional York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1965. ISBN 0393002772
• Schachter, Carl. Counterpoint in Composition: The Study grip Voice Leading. Columbia University Beseech, 1990. ISBN 023107039X

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